By                    Christian Long
  • Virgin Galactic
  • Blue Origin
  • SpaceX
  • Russia

While the road to these milestones was marked by several missteps, including government lawsuits, misguided expectations and a few failed launches, the year set several new high-water marks that will likely change our perception of space from now on. Here’s a look at how the Big Three of space tourism each fared this year. 

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Virgin Galactic 

Richard Branson’s company might not have made quite as many headlines as rival companies SpaceX or Blue Origin over the year. However, his company, Virgin Galactic, did take the first-ever suborbital human spaceflight in history. 

On May 22, SpaceShipTwo VSS Unity launched from New Mexico’s Spaceport America with two astronauts on board, Frederick Sturckow and David Mackay. The craft reached a speed of Mach 3 and an altitude of 55.45 miles. 

This was followed by a second flight, which included Branson and three other Galactic employees, on July 11. The Unity reached an altitude of just over 53 miles during this follow-up launch, which completed the company’s “Unit 22” mission. While it was the craft’s 22nd mission, it was only its fourth time in space and was designed specifically as a template for future space tourism flights by the company. 

These future flights, many of which are already reserved, once came at a cost of $250,000. Now, however, the company will be charging $450,000 a seat for a flight. Branson had said that the weightless portion of the flight was a particular focus for the company to try and enhance. 

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Blue Origin

The Blue Origin craft, New Shephard, launched in west Texas on July 20, traveling 66.5 miles above the Earth before returning by parachute. At a press conference after their successful landing, he said that his “expectations were high, and they were dramatically exceeded.”

The New Shephard would launch again on October 13, with actor William Shatner aboard. Famous for his role as Captain James T. Kirk on the long-running sci-fi franchise Star Trek, Shatner was similarly emotional about the experience. “Everybody in the world needs to do this. Everybody in the world needs to see… it was unbelievable,” he said, before comparing the experience to what death might be like. 

On December 11, New Shephard launched for a third time with six passengers aboard, the amount the craft is designed to hold. 

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SpaceX

Elon Musk’s Tesla is known for changing the landscape of the auto industry, and he’s been looking to do the same with his own space tourism endeavor, SpaceX. On September 16, the company launched its Inspiration4 mission, the first orbital spaceflight with only private citizens on board. 

Launching from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, it dwarfed the prior space outings by comparison, traveling more than 360 miles from the Earth’s surface — or higher than the International Space Station. The craft stayed in orbit for nearly three days before returning to Earth. Specifically, the Atlantic Ocean. 

The flight was privately chartered by billionaire Jared Isaacman, which was all part of his effort to raise more than $200 million for St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, $100 million out of his own pocket.

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Russia

While 2021 saw innovations for space tourism on several fronts, it wasn’t the first year the concept had been employed. That honor goes to the Soyuz MS-20, a Russian spacecraft that transported Canadian billionaire Guy Laliberté to the ISS back in 2009. The Soyuz returned to that business in December, launching a 12-day tourism mission to the ISS beginning on the 8th. Passengers included the Japanese art collector Yusaku Maezawa his production assistant, Yozo Hirano. Though it’s unclear how much the latter paid for the trip, CBS reports that NASA has paid more than $4 billion for seats on Soyuz since 2006.