The real gross domestic product (GDP) decreased at an annual rate of 0.6% in the second quarter of 2022, according to the second — or revised — estimate released by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) on Aug. 25. The decrease was revised up 0.3 percentage point and is an improvement from the first quarter when real GDP decreased 1.6%.

                By                    Yaёl Bizouati-Kennedy

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“The GDP estimate released today is based on more complete source data than were available for the “advance” estimate issued last month. In the advance estimate, the decrease in real GDP was 0.9%,” the BEA said in a press release. “The update primarily reflects upward revisions to consumer spending and private inventory investment that were partly offset by a downward revision to residential fixed investment.”

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Despite the upward revision, the economy has been shrinking for two consecutive quarters, which would technically mean that the economy is in a recession. But whether we have entered a recession already or not depends on who you ask.

According to the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), whose economists are the ones declaring whether the country is in fact in a recession, such a phenomenon occurs when there is “a significant decline in economic activity that is spread across the economy and lasts more than a few months.” It adds, however, that “because a recession must influence the economy broadly and not be confined to one sector, the committee emphasizes economy-wide measures of economic activity.”

“Nonetheless, it’s still not enough to change the current economic narrative,” Vanneman added. “Recession and inflation risks are still top concerns of many investors and most are still focused on what might be said in Jackson Hole this week at the economic symposium. Some are hoping that the Fed will pivot away from being aggressive in raising short-term interest rates, but it doesn’t seem likely at this point and today’s data won’t help that argument.”

Real GDP decreased less in the second quarter than in the first quarter, reflecting an upturn in exports and a smaller decrease in federal government spending that were partly offset by a larger decline in private inventory investment, a slowdown in consumer spending, and downturns in nonresidential fixed investment and residential fixed investment, the BEA said in the release.

In terms of future quarters, following President Joe Biden’s student loan forgiveness on August 24, Goldman Sachs says that the plan will have a small impact on economic growth and inflation.

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